Clean water is one of the natural sources of high quality of freshwater-based and typically used by humans for various of benefits in carrying out their daily activities. It is essential for health care. The clean water is too needed in terms of cleanliness care. Referring to The Department of Malaysian Public Health, the clean water to use as drinking water, the drinking water requirements must be odorless, colorless, contains no heavy metals, and has not any taste.Although the clean water from natural sources is drinkable to humans, it still should be doubted there are some risks that clean water primarily of surface water maybe contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia Coli, tiny worm larvae or harmful substances. Although many bacteria can be killed by heating the water to 100ºC but lots of dangerous substances, especially metals cannot be eliminated by this way. For bacterium Escherichia Coli click here
Chlorine is the main chemical element used in chlorination process. The chlorination process usually applied for disinfection in surface water sources. It is a common process and the key to eliminate bacteria, viruses, parasites and mosquito larvae in surface water, clean water or drinking water before use. Actually, the process of chlorination is very effective to eliminate harmful organisms contained in the water. Besides the effectiveness of chlorine, there are harmful side effects to users. In a variety of studies, it appears, people who drink water containing the chlorine are more likely to suffer from cancer in bladder, rectum, or colon. As for a pregnant woman, it might result in an infant born deformed with an abnormality in the brain or spinal cord, an infant would be born with low in weight, premature birth, or undergoes of a miscarriage. Furthermore, studies have shown, the effects of chlorine in the animals which are found in all probabilities are in the kidney and liver harm. Through the fact of scientific research, to kill the bacteria and harmful organisms, the chlorine content in water that needed as suffice is between 0.2mg/L and 0.4mg/L. It is just a reminder.
The most common method in water treatment: Pre-chlorination means Chlorine is sometimes added to the input water to control taste and odor problems or to control the growth of algae in Medicine Plant. The next processes are as following.
1) Pre-Lime and Alum
2) Flocculation
3) Coagulation
4) Sedimentation and
5) Filtration.
On average, more than 40,000 cubic kilometers freshwater in the world are derived from rivers. By the availability of this equivalent, it is meant more than 7,000 cubic meters per person. Seen at a glance, the amount of water is sufficient, nay it is superabundant as accommodate the needs for every resident. However, water usually is available in inappropriate places. For example, freshwater in the Amazon basin despite available as adequate, but the locations of water sources are determining the costs of water, that is, to be sent or distributed to the areas in need. The locations of freshwater sources are very far. Require channels or transporters.
Utilization of rain as a source of clean water by personal individuals or groups or governments that they usually build dams and water retention to store the water as preparation for in the dry season, and to prevent water contamination due of flooding. But, this way is expensive.
Surface water and groundwater: Resources of clean water usually disturbed by the use and misuse, such as following:
1) Agriculture: Scattering of freshwater supplied due to leakage of water in channels for agricultural lands and without good irrigation systems would cause puddle and salinity, eventually induce the loss of freshwater and land productivity.
2) Industry: Although industrial using a little of water compared with the irrigation for agriculture, but water that use in industries is likely leads to more severe effects seen in two ways. Firstly, using of water for industries which irregularity against the national water sources policy, then it tends to excess. Secondly, if the wastes of industrial were untreated, they would lead to pollution toward surface water and groundwater, so, the water was being too dangerous for used. Water contaminated from industrial wastes is often discharged directly into rivers or canals and eventually pollute to ocean or sometimes the wastes were left seeped into groundwater sources without any treatments. Water pollution caused by waste residue has exceeded than the ratio of the volume. Many modern chemicals are very strong, only a few of the residuals are enough to make water in a very large volume unusable for drinking without special processing.
3) Using freshwater sources in a large amount by the households:
In the developing countries: Some places in southern India, which had no law governing as to the installation of water inhalation from pipe-wells or to limit the inhalation of groundwater that cause the level of surface water had downed from 24 to 30 meters during the year 1970s due to pump and drainage were uncontrolled. At a water conference in 2006, a representative from experiencing country of water drought, someone reported that 240,000 private wells were drilled regardless to the network capacity of water resources resulted in dryness and increasing of salinity.
In developed countries: In the United States, one-fifth of all irrigated lands solely depended on the network of water sources known as 'aquifer', which have almost never been receiving water supply from surface water. Over the past four decades, in the last decade which starting calculated from 2006, the network that relied on this 'aquifer' source has spread from 2 million to 8 million hectares, and about 500 cubic kilometers of freshwater have been inhaled. The network of freshwater sources is showing that the groundwater has half-dried and complicate towards some neighboring states. In addition, pollution from industrial wastes and urban wastes are not processed as comparable serious pollution as occurred in the agricultural processing. For example, in western of the United States, Colorado river bottoms are now high in salt as a result of the impact by irrigation return flow. So as, the irrigation in adjacent areas is useless anymore. Now the U.S. had to build a large project at Yuma in Arizona, to purify the saline water, in order to improve the quality of water of rivers.
Situations in urban areas are much more severe than in the water resource areas. Tantamount to the other places, the toilet in urban houses also in need to be cleaned. But, toilet in urban houses cannot be cleaned properly, cleaning incompletely because water is deficient. Feces there are in septic tanks would more volatile of stench because the drainage services are unreliable or by using the other methods also incomplete. Those are alike and unhealthy. It is not just a problem for personal use, but also often detrimental to others and a threat to the environment caused by neglect without processing.
Problems if nothingness of the clean water:
1) Diarrhea. In a country of Southeast Asia, diarrhea is the second largest cause of death for children under the age of five-year old. A total of 13 million children who can already be toddling are suffering from diarrhea every year. Contaminated water and lack of knowledge about the culture of a clean life are suspected the root problems of this. Meanwhile, 100 million of the people in the country are living in inadequately supplies of clean water.
2) Disease of parasites, the human body is home of worms.
3) Poverty. The houses that bought clean water from vendors perforce to pay twice to six times, compared with the usual cost of clean water supplied regularly by official supplier. Maybe the advance fees to obtain official distribution pipes for the clean water supply is a problem to the poor.
Although water covers 70% of the earth surface that is, about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers, only a little portion of the number can actually be used. It is only 0.003%. Most of the water which 97% is the ocean but its salinity is too high for most needs. Only 3% remainder is freshwater. By 87% of 3% fresh water is storage, namely all freshwater of the earth's surface is 3%, while 87% from 3% of freshwater is stored in the polar layer and deep stored in ground.
According to the Environment Program of United Nations (UNEP), total volumes of water on earth are about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (km³). The volumes of freshwater resources are about 35 million km³ or about 2.5% of the total volumes of water. By the total freshwater resources about 24 million km³ or 70% are in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in mountainous regions, the Antarctic and Arctic regions. Further report of the UNEP, the freshwater of lakes and rivers estimated contain 105,000 km³, or 0.3% of global freshwater resources. The total supply of freshwater for humans and ecological systems is about 200,000 km³, which is less than 1% of all freshwater resources.
Conflict in utilization of clean water sources may happen within a country, region, or impressed into the vast continent. It is due to the use of water together. For example in Africa, more than 57 major rivers or valley lakes are shared by two or more than two countries. It is, nine countries of the Nile River and the Niger River by 10 countries. While in all over the world, more than 200 rivers are covering more than half of the earth surface, are shared by two and more than two countries for every river, averagely. In addition, many layers of the ground freshwater sources extending across national boundaries and inhalation of freshwater by a country can lead the political tension with its neighbors.
Around 20 countries in the world, almost all are in developing countries just afford to treat their quality of freshwater to a safe level for human consumption is below than 1,000 cubic meters per person, a level which is usually considered a very worrying stage. However, there are 18 of other countries have been capable to treat their freshwater quality between 1,000 and 2,000 cubic meters for every person.
February 26th in 2006 at 7:16 p.m., the world population achieved approximately 6.5 billion persons. Referring to the International Data Base U.S. Census Bureau, the population of the world at 10:24 p.m. September 13th in 2010 was 6,868,638,152 persons. According to an informal census, the world population in year 2025 is expected will achieve somewhat 8.5 billion persons. They will be tortured by the lack of clean water. The highest increase of birth rates really happened right in the regions wherein the freshwater sources under pressure of most worrying. The matter is in developing countries.
Original articles were from various sources in different language. I have also added and reduced the contents of which I thought as need. Then, I combined them in a reasonable arrangement. Updating the article is being considered as may fit. On this article, I am hoping readers are able to understand easily. If there is doubt, hoped to be excused.
This painting is as to the view at the edge of a small lake in Tropical Rainforest Region. Below is about the painting.
genre: nature
title: water scape #1
medium: oil painting on canvas
size: 137cm x 91cm
year: 2010
price: sold to Mr David Wee